Hindi Alphabets

Vowels

Hindi alphabet have ten vowels and two modifiers which are given below. The symbols shown below the alphabets are known as "matra" symbols. Matra symbols are used when consonants and vowels are to be written together.

a	aa/A	e/i	ee/ii	u	oo/uu
e	ai	o	ou	aM	aH

Vowels Not In Common Use

ऋ	ॠ	ऌ	ॡ	ॐ
r^	r^^	l^	l^^	AUM

Consonants

Consonants in Hindi alphabet are shown below -

				ङ
ka	kha	ga	gha	nga
				ञ
cha	chha	ja	jha	nja
Ta	Tha	Da	Dha	Na
ta	tha	da	dha	na
pa	pha / fa	ba	bha	ma
ya	ra	la	va/wa	Sha
				त्र
shh	sa	ha	ksh	tra
ज्ञ
jnja

Dot+Consonants (Extensions)

ऩ	ऱ	ऴ	क़	ख़	ग़	ज़	ड़	ढ़	फ़	य़
.na	.ra	.La	.ka	.kha	.ga	.ja	.Da	.Dha	.fa	.ya

Special Symbols

The following symbols are pronounced using nasal in conjunction with other consonants.

Anusvara	Visarga	Chandra bindu	Chandra	Nukta	' virama	udatta
M	H	.~dot + tilda	~tilda	.N	` grave accent	.^ dot + ^
anudatta	Danda	Double Danda	Avagraha	Grave accent	Accute accent
._ dot+ under score	|vertical line	||	//	\	/